The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Maid of Beauty, sentence 4
Now he was among the snowy mountains; and now his sledge was skimming along untravelled paths in the deep and shadowy valleys.
Who acts: star, sledge · What happens: be, skim · To what, where: snowy mountains
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of Beauty. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (star, sledge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 mountains | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 mountains | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 mountains | cop |
| 4 | among | among | ADP | _ | 7 mountains | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 mountains | det |
| 6 | snowy | snowy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 mountains | amod |
| 7 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 skimming | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 skimming | cc |
| 10 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 skimming | advmod |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 sledge | nmod:poss |
| 12 | sledge | sledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 skimming | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 skimming | aux |
| 14 | skimming | skim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 mountains | acl |
| 15 | along | along | ADP | _ | 17 paths | case |
| 16 | untravelled | untravelled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 paths | amod |
| 17 | paths | path | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 skimming | obl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 valleys | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 valleys | det |
| 20 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 valleys | amod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 shadowy | cc |
| 22 | shadowy | shadowy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 deep | conj |
| 23 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 paths | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 mountains | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | star | now | among the snowy mountains | tree rules | |||
| 2 | skim | past · progressive | star's sledge | the snowy mountains not said here | now | along untravelled paths in the deep valleys | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent mountain=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/3/4/