The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Maid of Beauty, sentence 65
Then he climbed the tall cliff and split the sandstone with his fingers; and next he leaped upon the river of ice beneath him and cut therefrom a slender whipstock, losing not the smallest fragment.
Who acts: hero · What happens: climb, split, leap, cut, lose · To what, where: tall cliff, sandstone, river, slender whipstock, smallest fragment
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of Beauty. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hero), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 climbed | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 climbed | nsubj |
| 3 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 cliff | det |
| 5 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 cliff | amod |
| 6 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 climbed | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 split | cc |
| 8 | split | split | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 climbed | conj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 sandstone | det |
| 10 | sandstone | sandstone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 split | obj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 fingers | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 fingers | nmod:poss |
| 13 | fingers | finger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 split | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 leaped | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 leaped | cc |
| 16 | next | next | ADV | _ | 18 leaped | advmod |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 leaped | nsubj |
| 18 | leaped | leap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 climbed | conj |
| 19 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 21 river | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 river | det |
| 21 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 leaped | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 ice | case |
| 23 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 river | nmod |
| 24 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 25 him | case |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 leaped | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 cut | cc |
| 27 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 leaped | conj |
| 28 | therefrom | therefrom | ADV | _ | 27 cut | advmod |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 whipstock | det |
| 30 | slender | slender | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 whipstock | amod |
| 31 | whipstock | whipstock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cut | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 losing | punct |
| 33 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 cut | advcl |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 fragment | advmod |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 fragment | det |
| 36 | smallest | small | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 37 fragment | amod |
| 37 | fragment | fragment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 losing | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 climbed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | climb | past | hero | the tall cliff | then | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location cliff=Theme | |||
| 2 | split | past | hero not said here | the sandstone | with hero's fingers | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent sandstone=Patient with finger=Instrument | |||
| 3 | leap | past | hero | the river of ice | beneath Minstrel; next property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon river=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | cut | past | hero not said here | a slender whipstock | therefrom property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset whipstock=Product | |||
| 5 | lose | gerund | hero not said here | the smallest fragment | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fragment=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/3/65/