The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Golden Maiden, sentence 20
Suddenly from the shore they heard some ravens calling among the storm-beaten pines.
Who acts: cargo, ravens · What happens: hear, call, beat · To what, where: ravens, shore · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cargo, ravens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 6 heard | advmod |
| 2 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 shore | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 shore | det |
| 4 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 heard | obl |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 heard | nsubj |
| 6 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 ravens | det |
| 8 | ravens | raven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 heard | obj |
| 9 | calling | call | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 ravens | acl |
| 10 | among | among | ADP | _ | 15 pines | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 pines | det |
| 12 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 beaten | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 storm | punct |
| 14 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 pines | amod |
| 15 | pines | pine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 calling | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | cargo | some ravens | the shore | suddenly property | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent raven=Topic from shore=Source | ||
| 2 | call | gerund | some ravens not said here | among the beaten pines | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | beat | participle | storm compound | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/20/