The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Golden Maiden, sentence 3
Ice was beginning to form in the sheltered creeks and coves and frost lay white on the shaded slopes of the hills.
Who acts: Ice · What happens: begin, form, shelter, lay, shade · To what, where: sheltered creeks
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 beginning | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 beginning | aux |
| 3 | beginning | begin | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 form | mark |
| 5 | form | form | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 beginning | xcomp |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 creeks | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 creeks | det |
| 8 | sheltered | shelter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 creeks | amod |
| 9 | creeks | creek | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 form | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 coves | cc |
| 11 | coves | cove | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 creeks | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 frost | cc |
| 13 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 creeks | conj |
| 14 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 beginning | advcl |
| 15 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 lay | xcomp |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 slopes | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 slopes | det |
| 18 | shaded | shade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 slopes | amod |
| 19 | slopes | slope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 white | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 hills | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 hills | det |
| 22 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 slopes | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 beginning | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past · progressive | Ice | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | form | to-infinitive | Ice not said here | the sheltered creeks and coves and frost | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in creek=Location | ||||
| 3 | shelter | participle | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | lay | present | Ice not said here | white property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | shade | participle | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/3/