The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Golden Maiden, sentence 44
The hedges had been torn down, the flower-beds had been trampled and destroyed, the bordering fields were laid waste.
What happens: tear down, trample, destroy, border, lay · To what, where: hedges, flower beds, bordering fields
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hedges | det |
| 2 | hedges | hedge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 torn | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 torn | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 torn | aux:pass |
| 5 | torn | tear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | down | down | ADP | _ | 5 torn | compound:prt |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 trampled | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 beds | det |
| 9 | flower | flower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 beds | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 flower | punct |
| 11 | beds | bed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 trampled | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 trampled | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 trampled | aux:pass |
| 14 | trampled | trample | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 torn | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 destroyed | cc |
| 16 | destroyed | destroy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 trampled | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 laid | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 fields | det |
| 19 | bordering | border | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 fields | amod |
| 20 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 laid | nsubj |
| 21 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 laid | aux:pass |
| 22 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 torn | conj |
| 23 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 laid | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 torn | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tear down | past · perfect · passive | the hedges | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | trample | past · perfect · passive | the flower beds | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | destroy | participle | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | border | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | lay | past · passive | the bordering fields | waste obj | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme waste=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/44/