The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Golden Maiden, sentence 65
He heaped the wood around it, he threw on coal, he kindled the fire; and all the while he sang runes and songs of wizardry and power which no lesser man would have dared to recite.
Who acts: Beauty, wizardry · What happens: heap, throw, kindle, sing, dare, recite · To what, where: wood, coal, fire, runes, lesser man
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Golden Maiden. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beauty, wizardry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heaped | nsubj |
| 2 | heaped | heap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 wood | det |
| 4 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heaped | obj |
| 5 | around | around | ADP | _ | 6 it | case |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heaped | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 threw | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 threw | nsubj |
| 9 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heaped | parataxis |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 coal | case |
| 11 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 threw | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 kindled | punct |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 kindled | nsubj |
| 14 | kindled | kindle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 threw | conj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 fire | det |
| 16 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 kindled | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 sang | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 sang | cc |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 23 sang | det:predet |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 sang | det |
| 21 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 23 sang | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 sang | nsubj |
| 23 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heaped | conj |
| 24 | runes | rune | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 sang | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 songs | cc |
| 26 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 runes | conj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 wizardry | case |
| 28 | wizardry | wizardry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 songs | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 power | cc |
| 30 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 wizardry | conj |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 dared | obj |
| 32 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 34 man | det |
| 33 | lesser | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 man | amod |
| 34 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dared | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 dared | aux |
| 36 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 37 dared | aux |
| 37 | dared | dare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 wizardry | acl |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 recite | mark |
| 39 | recite | recite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 dared | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heaped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | heap | past | Beauty | the wood | wood | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent wood=Theme around it=Destination | |||
| 2 | throw | past | Beauty | coal | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on coal=Destination | ||||
| 3 | kindle | past | Beauty | the fire | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fire=Patient | ||||
| 4 | sing speech: express | past | Beauty | runes and songs of wizardry and power | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rune=Theme | ||||
| 5 | dare | would · perfect · passive | no lesser man | wizardry and power obj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | recite | to-infinitive | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | sing | wizardry and power | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/31/65/