The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Famine, sentence 12
Can this be Wainola, the village once so happy and prosperous?” he said to himself.
Who acts: this, Wainola · What happens: be, say · To what, where: Wainola · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Famine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, Wainola), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 Wainola | aux |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 Wainola | nsubj |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 Wainola | cop |
| 4 | Wainola | Wainola | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 said | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 village | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 village | det |
| 7 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Wainola | appos |
| 8 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 10 happy | advmod |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 happy | advmod |
| 10 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 village | amod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 prosperous | cc |
| 12 | prosperous | prosperous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 happy | conj |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 10 happy | punct |
| 14 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 village | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 said | nsubj |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 himself | case |
| 18 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 16 said | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | can | this | Wainola | the village appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | Wainola | Wainola | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/32/12/