The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Weeping Ship, sentence 18
Then he drew out the half-melted mass and held it upon the anvil while he beat and turned it, and beat and turned it, until he had shaped it into a wonderful weapon the like of which no man had seen before.
Who acts: smithy, man · What happens: draw out, melt, hold, beat, turn, shape · To what, where: melted mass, mass, anvil, wonderful weapon
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Weeping Ship. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smithy, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 drew | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 drew | nsubj |
| 3 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 drew | compound:prt |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 mass | det |
| 6 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 8 melted | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 half | punct |
| 8 | melted | melt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 mass | amod |
| 9 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drew | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 held | cc |
| 11 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 drew | conj |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 held | obj |
| 13 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 15 anvil | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 anvil | det |
| 15 | anvil | anvil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 held | obl |
| 16 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 18 beat | mark |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 beat | nsubj |
| 18 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 held | advcl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 turned | cc |
| 20 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 beat | conj |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 turned | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 beat | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 beat | cc |
| 24 | beat | beat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drew | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 turned | cc |
| 26 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 drew | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 turned | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 shaped | punct |
| 29 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 32 shaped | mark |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 shaped | nsubj |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 shaped | aux |
| 32 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 turned | conj |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 shaped | obj |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 37 weapon | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 weapon | det |
| 36 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 weapon | amod |
| 37 | weapon | weapon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 shaped | obl |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 seen | det |
| 39 | like | like | ADP | _ | 41 which | case |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 which | case |
| 41 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 seen | obl |
| 42 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 43 man | det |
| 43 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 seen | nsubj |
| 44 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 seen | aux |
| 45 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 37 weapon | acl:relcl |
| 46 | before | before | ADV | _ | 45 seen | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 drew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw out | past | smithy | the melted mass | then | beat conj | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mass=Theme | ||
| 2 | melt | participle | half compound | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | hold | past | smithy not said here | mass | the anvil | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme upon anvil=Location | |||
| 4 | beat | past | smithy | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | |||||
| 5 | turn | past | smithy not said here | mass | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 6 | turn | past | smithy not said here | mass | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 7 | shape | past · perfect | smithy | mass | a wonderful weapon | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent it=Material into weapon=Product | |||
| 8 | see | past · perfect | no man | like a wonderful weapon; before property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/33/18/