The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Weeping Ship, sentence 75
While the Smith sat at the helm and guided the vessel out through the narrow inlet, the Minstrel stood up beneath the flapping sail and sang songs of magic, songs which he had wellnigh forgotten.
Who acts: Smith, Minstrel, songs, magic · What happens: sit, guide out, stand up, flap, sing, have · To what, where: helm, vessel, narrow inlet, flapping sail, songs
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Weeping Ship. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smith, Minstrel, songs, magic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 sat | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Smith | det |
| 3 | Smith | Smith | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 sat | nsubj |
| 4 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 helm | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 helm | det |
| 7 | helm | helm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sat | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 guided | cc |
| 9 | guided | guide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sat | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 vessel | det |
| 11 | vessel | vessel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 guided | obj |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 guided | compound:prt |
| 13 | through | through | ADP | _ | 16 inlet | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 inlet | det |
| 15 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 inlet | amod |
| 16 | inlet | inlet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 guided | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 stood | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Minstrel | det |
| 19 | Minstrel | Minstrel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 stood | nsubj |
| 20 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sat | conj |
| 21 | up | up | ADP | _ | 20 stood | compound:prt |
| 22 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 25 sail | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 sail | det |
| 24 | flapping | flap | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 sail | amod |
| 25 | sail | sail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 stood | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 sang | cc |
| 27 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 stood | conj |
| 28 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 sang | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 magic | case |
| 30 | magic | magic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 songs | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 songs | punct |
| 32 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 songs | conj |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 had | obj |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 had | nsubj |
| 35 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 songs | acl:relcl |
| 36 | wellnigh | wellnigh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 had | xcomp |
| 37 | forgotten | forget | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 had | xcomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 sat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | past | the Smith | the helm | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at helm=Location | ||||
| 2 | guide out | past | the Smith not said here | the vessel | the narrow inlet | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent vessel=Theme through inlet=Destination | |||
| 3 | stand up | past | the Minstrel | the flapping sail | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath sail=Location | ||||
| 4 | flap | gerund | vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | sing speech: express | past | the Minstrel not said here | songs of magic and songs | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | ||||
| 6 | have | past | Minstrel | songs | wellnigh property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | forget | participle | songs not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | sing | magic | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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