The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Flight, sentence 127
The mast was splintered just above the sail-yard, the red sail itself was blown away, the rudder was unmanageable, all the oars were made useless, so terrible were the winds and the tossing waves.
Who acts: rudder · What happens: splinter, blow away, be, make · To what, where: mast, red sail, oars, terrible winds
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Flight. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rudder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 mast | det |
| 2 | mast | mast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 splintered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 splintered | aux:pass |
| 4 | splintered | splinter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | just | just | ADV | _ | 10 yard | advmod |
| 6 | above | above | ADP | _ | 10 yard | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 yard | det |
| 8 | sail | sail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 yard | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 sail | punct |
| 10 | yard | yard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 splintered | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 blown | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sail | det |
| 13 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sail | amod |
| 14 | sail | sail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 blown | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 14 sail | nmod:unmarked |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 blown | aux:pass |
| 17 | blown | blow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 splintered | parataxis |
| 18 | away | away | ADV | _ | 17 blown | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 unmanageable | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 rudder | det |
| 21 | rudder | rudder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 unmanageable | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 unmanageable | cop |
| 23 | unmanageable | unmanageable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 blown | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 made | punct |
| 25 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 oars | det:predet |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 oars | det |
| 27 | oars | oar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 made | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 made | aux:pass |
| 29 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 unmanageable | parataxis |
| 30 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 made | xcomp |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 terrible | punct |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 33 terrible | advmod |
| 33 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 winds | amod |
| 34 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 winds | cop |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 winds | det |
| 36 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 splintered | conj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 waves | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 waves | det |
| 39 | tossing | tossing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 waves | compound |
| 40 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 winds | conj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 splintered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | splinter | past · passive | the mast | above the sail yard | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | blow away | past · passive | the red sail sail | away property | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | is | past | the rudder | unmanageable property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | make | past · passive | all oars | useless property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | the terrible winds and the tossing waves | the tossing waves conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/36/127/