The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Pursuit, sentence 5
He breathed in the air, and chilling mists hovered over the hills and descended upon the fields and gardens.
Who acts: spirit, chilling mists · What happens: breathe, chill, hover, descend · To what, where: air, hills
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Pursuit. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirit, chilling mists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 breathed | nsubj |
| 2 | breathed | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 air | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 air | det |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 breathed | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 hovered | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 hovered | cc |
| 8 | chilling | chill | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 mists | amod |
| 9 | mists | mist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 hovered | nsubj |
| 10 | hovered | hover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 breathed | parataxis |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 13 hills | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 hills | det |
| 13 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 hovered | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 descended | cc |
| 15 | descended | descend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 hovered | conj |
| 16 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 18 fields | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 fields | det |
| 18 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 descended | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 gardens | cc |
| 20 | gardens | garden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 fields | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 breathed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | past | spirit | the air | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | chill | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | hover | past | chilling mists | the hills | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over hill=Location | ||||
| 4 | descend | participle | chilling mists not said here | upon the fields and gardens | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/37/5/