The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Fate of the Sampo, sentence 74
And Wainamoinen, immovable as the lofty headland of his own sweet country, stood steadfast at his post, directing and cheering his comrades and overwhelming with terror the foes who dared approach him.
Who acts: Wainamoinen, foes · What happens: stand, direct, cheer, dare, approach · To what, where: post, comrades, Wainamoinen
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Fate of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wainamoinen, foes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 stood | cc |
| 2 | Wainamoinen | Wainamoinen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 stood | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 immovable | punct |
| 4 | immovable | immovable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Wainamoinen | amod |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 headland | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 headland | det |
| 7 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 headland | amod |
| 8 | headland | headland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 immovable | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 country | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 country | nmod:poss |
| 11 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 country | amod |
| 12 | sweet | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 country | amod |
| 13 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 headland | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Wainamoinen | punct |
| 15 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | steadfast | steadfast | ADV | _ | 15 stood | advmod |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 post | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 post | nmod:poss |
| 19 | post | post | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stood | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 directing | punct |
| 21 | directing | direct | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 stood | advcl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 cheering | cc |
| 23 | cheering | cheer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 directing | conj |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 comrades | nmod:poss |
| 25 | comrades | comrade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 cheering | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 overwhelming | cc |
| 27 | overwhelming | overwhelming | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 directing | conj |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 terror | case |
| 29 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 approach | obl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 foes | det |
| 31 | foes | foe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 approach | nsubj |
| 32 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 dared | nsubj |
| 33 | dared | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 foes | acl:relcl |
| 34 | approach | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 directing | conj |
| 35 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 approach | obj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | Wainamoinen | Wainamoinen's post | steadfast property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at post=Location | |||
| 2 | direct | gerund | Wainamoinen not said here | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | cheer | gerund | Wainamoinen not said here | Wainamoinen's comrades | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus comrade=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | dare | past | the foes | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | approach | present | the foes | Wainamoinen | with terror | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Theme with terror=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/38/74/