The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Fate of the Sampo, sentence 9
In an instant there was a dreadful crash, a sound of breaking timbers, of grinding ice, of shouts and groans and despairing cries.
What happens: be, break, grind, shout, groan, despair · To what, where: dreadful crash, instant, cries
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Fate of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 instant | case |
| 2 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 instant | det |
| 3 | instant | instant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crash | obl |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 was | expl |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 crash | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 crash | det |
| 7 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 crash | amod |
| 8 | crash | crash | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 sound | punct |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 sound | det |
| 11 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crash | conj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 timbers | case |
| 13 | breaking | break | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 timbers | amod |
| 14 | timbers | timber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 sound | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 ice | punct |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 ice | case |
| 17 | grinding | grind | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 ice | amod |
| 18 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crash | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 shouts | punct |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 shouts | case |
| 21 | shouts | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 crash | parataxis |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 groans | cc |
| 23 | groans | groan | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 shouts | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 despairing | cc |
| 25 | despairing | despair | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 groans | conj |
| 26 | cries | cry | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 despairing | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 crash | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | a dreadful crash and a sound of breaking timbers and grinding ice | a instant | a sound of breaking timbers conj; grinding ice conj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | break | gerund | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | grind | gerund | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | shout speech: express | present | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | groan | present | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | despair | gerund | cries | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/38/9/