The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wicked Hornet, sentence 2
It is a tale which he himself had learned from the minstrels of a former age.
Who acts: fire · What happens: be, learn · To what, where: tale, Wainamoinen, minstrels
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wicked Hornet. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 tale | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 tale | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 tale | det |
| 4 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 learned | obj |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 learned | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 6 he | nmod:unmarked |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 learned | aux |
| 9 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 tale | acl:relcl |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 minstrels | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 minstrels | det |
| 12 | minstrels | minstrel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 learned | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 age | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 age | det |
| 15 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 age | amod |
| 16 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 minstrels | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tale | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | fire | a tale | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | learn | past · perfect · passive | Wainamoinen | the minstrels of a former age | a tale obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/5/2/