The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tree of Magic, sentence 26
Here was the long, rough causeway across the treacherous fen land—he knew it so well that it seemed like the face of a friend.
Who acts: Minstrel, it · What happens: be, know, seem · To what, where: long rough causeway, treacherous fen land, land
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tree of Magic. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 causeway | advmod |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 causeway | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 causeway | det |
| 4 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 causeway | amod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 long | punct |
| 6 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 causeway | amod |
| 7 | causeway | causeway | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | across | across | ADP | _ | 12 land | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 land | det |
| 10 | treacherous | treacherous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 land | amod |
| 11 | fen | fen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 land | compound |
| 12 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 causeway | nmod |
| 13 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 knew | punct |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 knew | nsubj |
| 15 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 causeway | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 knew | obj |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 well | advmod |
| 18 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 knew | advmod |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 seemed | mark |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 seemed | nsubj |
| 21 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 knew | advcl |
| 22 | like | like | ADP | _ | 24 face | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 face | det |
| 24 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 seemed | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 friend | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 friend | det |
| 27 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 face | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 causeway | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the long rough causeway | the treacherous fen land; here | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know | past | Minstrel | land | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | seem | past | it | like the face of a friend | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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