The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tree of Magic, sentence 5
The air was sharp and biting; the frost lay thick on the hilltops and the barren moorland; patches of newly formed ice glared white in the marshes.
Who acts: air, frost, patches · What happens: be, bite, lay, form, glare · To what, where: hilltops, marshes
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tree of Magic. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air, frost, patches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 air | det |
| 2 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sharp | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sharp | cop |
| 4 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 biting | cc |
| 6 | biting | bite | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 sharp | conj |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 lay | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 frost | det |
| 9 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lay | nsubj |
| 10 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sharp | parataxis |
| 11 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 lay | xcomp |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 hilltops | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 hilltops | det |
| 14 | hilltops | hilltop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 lay | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 moorland | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 moorland | det |
| 17 | barren | barren | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 moorland | amod |
| 18 | moorland | moorland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 hilltops | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 glared | punct |
| 20 | patches | patch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 glared | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 ice | case |
| 22 | newly | newly | ADV | _ | 23 formed | advmod |
| 23 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 ice | amod |
| 24 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 patches | nmod |
| 25 | glared | glare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sharp | parataxis |
| 26 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 glared | xcomp |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 marshes | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 marshes | det |
| 29 | marshes | marsh | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 glared | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 sharp | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the air | sharp property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | bite | gerund | the air not said here | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | lay | present | the frost | the hilltops and the barren moorland | thick property | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on hilltop=Destination | |||
| 4 | form | participle | newly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | glare | past | patches of formed ice | the marshes | white property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in marsh=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/6/5/