The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tree of Magic, sentence 9
The Graybeard helped the Minstrel into the sledge; he wrapped the robes of fur around him and threw over his shoulders a bearskin cloak that was both ample and warm.
Who acts: Graybeard, bearskin cloak · What happens: help, wrap, throw, be · To what, where: Minstrel, sledge, robes, shoulders
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tree of Magic. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Graybeard, bearskin cloak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Graybeard | det |
| 2 | Graybeard | Graybeard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 helped | nsubj |
| 3 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Minstrel | det |
| 5 | Minstrel | Minstrel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 helped | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 sledge | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 sledge | det |
| 8 | sledge | sledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 helped | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 wrapped | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 wrapped | nsubj |
| 11 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 helped | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 robes | det |
| 13 | robes | robe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 wrapped | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 fur | case |
| 15 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 robes | nmod |
| 16 | around | around | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 wrapped | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 threw | cc |
| 19 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 wrapped | conj |
| 20 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 shoulders | case |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 shoulders | nmod:poss |
| 22 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 threw | obl |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 cloak | det |
| 24 | bearskin | bearskin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cloak | compound |
| 25 | cloak | cloak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shoulders | appos |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 ample | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 ample | cop |
| 28 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 ample | advmod |
| 29 | ample | ample | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 cloak | acl:relcl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 warm | cc |
| 31 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 ample | conj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 helped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | past | the Graybeard | the Minstrel | the sledge | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent minstrel=Beneficiary | |||
| 2 | wrap | past | Graybeard | the robes of fur | around Minstrel | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent robe=Theme around he=Destination | |||
| 3 | throw | past | Graybeard not said here | Minstrel's shoulders | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent over shoulder=Destination | ||||
| 4 | is | past | a bearskin cloak | ample property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | a bearskin cloak not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/6/9/