The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tempest, sentence 26
The winds lifted the venturesome Smith in their arms; they laid him softly in their swiftly sailing cloud boat; they hurried him over forests and marsh lands, over mountains and sea, and at the hour of midnight dropped him gently on the frozen shores of Pohyola.
Who acts: winds, smiths · What happens: lift, lay, sail, hurry, drop, freeze · To what, where: venturesome Smith, arms, wind, sailing cloud boat, forests, frozen shores
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tempest. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (winds, smiths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 winds | det |
| 2 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lifted | nsubj |
| 3 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Smith | det |
| 5 | venturesome | venturesome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 Smith | amod |
| 6 | Smith | Smith | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 lifted | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 arms | case |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 arms | nmod:poss |
| 9 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lifted | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 laid | punct |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 laid | nsubj |
| 12 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lifted | conj |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 laid | obj |
| 14 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 12 laid | advmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 boat | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 boat | nmod:poss |
| 17 | swiftly | swiftly | ADV | _ | 18 sailing | advmod |
| 18 | sailing | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 boat | amod |
| 19 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 boat | compound |
| 20 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 laid | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 hurried | punct |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 hurried | nsubj |
| 23 | hurried | hurry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lifted | conj |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 hurried | obj |
| 25 | over | over | ADP | _ | 26 forests | case |
| 26 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hurried | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 lands | cc |
| 28 | marsh | marsh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 lands | compound |
| 29 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 forests | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 mountains | punct |
| 31 | over | over | ADP | _ | 32 mountains | case |
| 32 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hurried | obl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 sea | cc |
| 34 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 mountains | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 dropped | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 dropped | cc |
| 37 | at | at | ADP | _ | 39 hour | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 hour | det |
| 39 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 dropped | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 midnight | case |
| 41 | midnight | midnight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 hour | nmod |
| 42 | dropped | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lifted | parataxis |
| 43 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 dropped | obj |
| 44 | gently | gently | ADV | _ | 42 dropped | advmod |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 48 shores | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 shores | det |
| 47 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 shores | amod |
| 48 | shores | shore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 dropped | obl |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 Pohyola | case |
| 50 | Pohyola | Pohyola | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 shores | nmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lifted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | past | the winds | the venturesome Smith | smiths's arms | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent smith=Theme in arm=Destination | |||
| 2 | lay | past | smiths = smith | wind | smiths's sailing cloud boat | softly property | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme in boat=Destination | ||
| 3 | sail | gerund | swiftly property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | hurry | past | smiths = smith | wind | forests and marsh lands | over mountains and sea | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent he=Theme over forest=Initial_Location over mountain=Trajectory | ||
| 5 | drop | past | wind | the frozen shores of Pohyola | hour | gently property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme on shore=Destination | ||
| 6 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/8/26/