The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tempest, sentence 30
Then in the misty darkness she heard footsteps; but the watch dogs lay sleeping in the sledgeway, their ears were closed, they did not bark.
Who acts: Louhi, watch dogs, ears · What happens: hear, lay, sleep, close, not bark · To what, where: footsteps, misty darkness, sledgeway, ears
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tempest. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Louhi, watch dogs, ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 heard | advmod |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 darkness | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 darkness | det |
| 4 | misty | misty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 darkness | amod |
| 5 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 heard | obl |
| 6 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 heard | nsubj |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | footsteps | footstep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 heard | obj |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 lay | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 lay | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 dogs | det |
| 12 | watch | watch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 dogs | compound |
| 13 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 lay | nsubj |
| 14 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | parataxis |
| 15 | sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 lay | xcomp |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 sledgeway | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 sledgeway | det |
| 18 | sledgeway | sledgeway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sleeping | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 closed | punct |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 ears | nmod:poss |
| 21 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 closed | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 closed | aux:pass |
| 23 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 lay | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 bark | punct |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 bark | nsubj |
| 26 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 bark | aux |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 bark | advmod |
| 28 | bark | bark | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 lay | conj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Louhi | footsteps | the misty darkness | then | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer footstep=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | lay | present | the watch dogs | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | sleep | gerund | the watch dogs not said here | the sledgeway | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in sledgeway=Location | ||||
| 4 | close | past · passive | dogs's ears | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 5 | not bark | past · do-support | ears = ear | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/8/30/