The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Recipe, sentence 19
The Smith’s heart was beating hard and fast like a sledge-hammer beneath his waistcoat.
Who acts: heart · What happens: beat
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Recipe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Smith | det |
| 2 | Smith | Smith | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heart | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 Smith | case |
| 4 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 beating | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 beating | aux |
| 6 | beating | beat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 beating | advmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 fast | cc |
| 9 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 hard | conj |
| 10 | like | like | ADP | _ | 14 hammer | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 hammer | det |
| 12 | sledge | sledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 hammer | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 sledge | punct |
| 14 | hammer | hammer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 beating | obl |
| 15 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 17 waistcoat | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 waistcoat | nmod:poss |
| 17 | waistcoat | waistcoat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 hammer | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 beating | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | past · progressive | the Smith's heart | like a sledge hammer beneath heart's waistcoat; hard property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/9/19/