The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2, sentence 40

But if nobody has ever seen that land, and no one knows anything about it, then, if one should come and say: Lo: I have seen it: who could discern whether he was speaking the truth or telling a lie?

Who acts: nobody, one, I, Land · What happens: see, know, come, say, discern, speak · To what, where: land, anything, sword, truth, lie · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nobody, one, I, Land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	6 seen	cc
2	if	if	SCONJ	_	6 seen	mark
3	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 seen	nsubj
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 seen	aux
5	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 seen	advmod
6	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 land	det
8	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 seen	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 knows	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 knows	cc
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 one	det
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 knows	nsubj
13	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 seen	advcl
14	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	13 knows	obj
15	about	about	ADP	_	16 it	case
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 anything	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 then	punct
18	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	13 knows	parataxis
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 come	punct
20	if	if	SCONJ	_	23 come	mark
21	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 come	nsubj
22	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 come	aux
23	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 seen	parataxis
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 say	cc
25	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 come	conj
26	:	:	PUNCT	_	31 seen	punct
27	Lo	lo	INTJ	_	31 seen	discourse
28	:	:	PUNCT	_	31 seen	punct
29	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 seen	nsubj
30	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 seen	aux
31	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	25 say	ccomp
32	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 seen	obj
33	:	:	PUNCT	_	36 discern	punct
34	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	36 discern	nsubj
35	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	36 discern	aux
36	discern	discern	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 seen	conj
37	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	40 speaking	mark
38	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 speaking	nsubj
39	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	40 speaking	aux
40	speaking	speak	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	36 discern	advcl
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 truth	det
42	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 speaking	obj
43	or	or	CCONJ	_	44 telling	cc
44	telling	tell	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	40 speaking	conj
45	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	46 lie	det
46	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 telling	obj
47	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 seen	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	see	present · perfect	nobody	that land	ever		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer land=Stimulus
2	know	present	no one	anything		about sword	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus
3	come a condition, not said to happen	should	one				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	say speech: assert	infinitive	one not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	see	present · perfect	I	sword			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
6	discern	could				who nsubj	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
7	speak speech: other	past · progressive	Land	the truth			tree rules
8	tell speech: assert	gerund	Land not said here	a lie			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/4/40/

🌲 The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2, sentence 40

The tree

Pragmatics

The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2, sentence 40