The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2, sentence 60
And how do you know that this man is speaking the truth, or is not, rather, some impostor, who only wishes to secure me and half your kingdom, by falsely asserting that he has seen, what in fact he never has seen.
Who acts: you, man, impostor · What happens: know, speak, not be, wish, secure, assert · To what, where: truth, impostor, kingdom, me, fact · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, man, impostor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 know | cc |
| 2 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 know | advmod |
| 3 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 know | aux |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 know | nsubj |
| 5 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 speaking | mark |
| 7 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 man | det |
| 8 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 speaking | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 speaking | aux |
| 10 | speaking | speak | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 know | ccomp |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 truth | det |
| 12 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 speaking | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 impostor | punct |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 impostor | cc |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 impostor | cop |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 impostor | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 impostor | punct |
| 18 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 21 impostor | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 rather | punct |
| 20 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 impostor | det |
| 21 | impostor | impostor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 know | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 wishes | punct |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 wishes | nsubj |
| 24 | only | only | ADV | _ | 25 wishes | advmod |
| 25 | wishes | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 impostor | conj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 secure | mark |
| 27 | secure | secure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 wishes | xcomp |
| 28 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 secure | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 half | cc |
| 30 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 32 kingdom | det:predet |
| 31 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 kingdom | nmod:poss |
| 32 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 secure | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 asserting | punct |
| 34 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 36 asserting | mark |
| 35 | falsely | falsely | ADV | _ | 36 asserting | advmod |
| 36 | asserting | assert | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 secure | advcl |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 seen | mark |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 seen | nsubj |
| 39 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 seen | aux |
| 40 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 asserting | advcl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 seen | punct |
| 42 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 48 seen | obj |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 fact | case |
| 44 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 seen | obl |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 seen | nsubj |
| 46 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 48 seen | advmod |
| 47 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 seen | aux |
| 48 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 40 seen | conj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present · do-support | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | present · progressive | this man | the truth | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not is a | present | some impostor | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | wish | present | some impostor | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | secure not said to happen | to-infinitive | some impostor not said here | your kingdom | me | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Precondition i=Beneficiary kingdom=Theme | |||
| 6 | assert | gerund | some impostor not said here | falsely property | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | see | present · perfect | man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | not see | present · perfect | man | fact | what obj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/4/60/