The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 3, sentence 72
And as Umra-Singh stooped down to examine the hole, he saw the Wairágí again beside him in his old shape, save that he continued to stick out of his mouth the weasel's tongue.
Who acts: Umra · What happens: stoop down, examine, see, save, continue, stick out · To what, where: hole, Wairágí, old shape, mouth
This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Umra), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 stooped | cc |
| 2 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 stooped | mark |
| 3 | Umra | Umra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 stooped | nsubj |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 Umra | punct |
| 5 | Singh | Singh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Umra | flat |
| 6 | stooped | stoop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | down | down | ADV | _ | 6 stooped | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 examine | mark |
| 9 | examine | examine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 stooped | xcomp |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 hole | det |
| 11 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 examine | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 saw | punct |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 saw | nsubj |
| 14 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 stooped | conj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Wairágí | det |
| 16 | Wairágí | Wairágí | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 saw | obj |
| 17 | again | again | ADV | _ | 14 saw | advmod |
| 18 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 19 him | case |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 saw | obl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 shape | case |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 shape | nmod:poss |
| 22 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 shape | amod |
| 23 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 save | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 shape | punct |
| 25 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 saw | conj |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 continued | mark |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 continued | nsubj |
| 28 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 save | advcl |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 stick | mark |
| 30 | stick | stick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 continued | xcomp |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 34 mouth | case |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 mouth | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 34 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stick | obl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 weasel | det |
| 36 | weasel | weasel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 tongue | nmod:poss |
| 37 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 36 weasel | case |
| 38 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 mouth | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 stooped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stoop down | past | Umra | down property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | examine | to-infinitive | Umra not said here | the hole | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | past | Umra | the Wairágí | again | beside kind | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wairágí=Stimulus | ||
| 4 | save | infinitive | Umra not said here | kind's old shape | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | continue | past | Umra | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | stick out | to-infinitive | Umra not said here | Umra's mouth the weasel's tongue | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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