The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 4, sentence 25
And as he went, gradually the trees grew rarer, and at length he looked before him, and saw in a clear space a dark blue forest pool, studded with moon-lotuses, as if created to mock the expanse of heaven bespangled with its stars, a mirror formed by Wedasa[1] to reproduce another world below.
Who acts: word, trees · What happens: go, grow, look, see, stud, create · To what, where: clear space, dark blue forest pool, expanse, mirror, world
This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 went | cc |
| 2 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 4 went | mark |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 went | nsubj |
| 4 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 grew | punct |
| 6 | gradually | gradually | ADV | _ | 9 grew | advmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 trees | det |
| 8 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 grew | nsubj |
| 9 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 10 | rarer | rare | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 grew | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 looked | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 looked | cc |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 length | case |
| 14 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 looked | obl |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 looked | nsubj |
| 16 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 17 | before | before | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 looked | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 saw | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 saw | cc |
| 21 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 space | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 space | det |
| 24 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 space | amod |
| 25 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 saw | obl |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 pool | det |
| 27 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 pool | amod |
| 28 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 pool | amod |
| 29 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pool | compound |
| 30 | pool | pool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 space | appos |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 studded | punct |
| 32 | studded | stud | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 pool | acl |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 lotuses | case |
| 34 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 lotuses | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 moon | punct |
| 36 | lotuses | lotus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 studded | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 created | punct |
| 38 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 40 created | mark |
| 39 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 40 created | mark |
| 40 | created | create | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 studded | conj |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 mock | mark |
| 42 | mock | mock | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 created | advcl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 expanse | det |
| 44 | expanse | expanse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 mock | obj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 heaven | case |
| 46 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 expanse | nmod |
| 47 | bespangled | bespangle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 expanse | acl |
| 48 | with | with | ADP | _ | 50 stars | case |
| 49 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 stars | nmod:poss |
| 50 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 bespangled | obl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 mirror | punct |
| 52 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 53 mirror | det |
| 53 | mirror | mirror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pool | conj |
| 54 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 mirror | acl |
| 55 | by | by | ADP | _ | 56 Wedasa | case |
| 56 | Wedasa | Wedasa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 formed | obl:agent |
| 57 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 58 1 | punct |
| 58 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 56 Wedasa | flat |
| 59 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 58 1 | punct |
| 60 | to | to | PART | _ | 61 reproduce | mark |
| 61 | reproduce | reproduce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 54 formed | advcl |
| 62 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 63 world | det |
| 63 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 reproduce | obj |
| 64 | below | below | ADV | _ | 63 world | advmod |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | word | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | grow | past | the trees | gradually, rare property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | look | past | word | before light | at length | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at length=Theme | |||
| 4 | see | past | word not said here | a clear space | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | stud | participle | a dark blue forest pool and a mirror not said here | with moon lotuses | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with lotus=Theme | ||||
| 6 | create a condition, not said to happen | participle | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | mock | to-infinitive | the expanse of heaven | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expanse=Theme | |||||
| 8 | bespangle | participle | the expanse of heaven not said here | with heaven's stars | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | form | participle | a mirror not said here | Wedasa obl:agent | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 10 | reproduce | to-infinitive | another world | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent world=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/6/25/