The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 5, sentence 19
So he said to the Swans: What is that which I see below me?
Who acts: Umra, I · What happens: say, be, see · To what, where: Swans · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Umra, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 said | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Swans | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Swans | det |
| 6 | Swans | swan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 What | punct |
| 8 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 said | ccomp |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 which | cop |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 which | mark |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 see | obj |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 see | nsubj |
| 13 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 What | acl:relcl |
| 14 | below | below | ADP | _ | 15 me | case |
| 15 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 see | obl |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Umra | the Swans | What ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to swan=Recipient | |||
| 2 | is a | present | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | see | present | I | below me | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/7/19/