The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 7, sentence 1
Then said the King: Thy dark blue eyes have utterly destroyed my sense of right and wrong, which are now mere words without meaning, impotent to hold me as is a lotus stalk to fetter that elephant which brought thee hither; and in vain dost thou talk to me of letting thee go: thou askest me for my life: for till I saw those unfathomable blue lakes which thou hast stolen to make thee eyes, I never lived.
Who acts: King, sense, impotent, elephant, vain, thee · What happens: say, destroy, be, hold, fetter, bring · To what, where: dark blue eyes, mere words, me, lotus stalk, elephant, thee · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, sense, impotent, elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 said | advmod |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 King | det |
| 4 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 destroyed | punct |
| 6 | Thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 9 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 7 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 eyes | amod |
| 8 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 eyes | amod |
| 9 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 destroyed | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 destroyed | aux |
| 11 | utterly | utterly | ADV | _ | 12 destroyed | advmod |
| 12 | destroyed | destroy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 said | conj |
| 13 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 sense | nmod:poss |
| 14 | sense | sense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 destroyed | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 right | case |
| 16 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sense | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 wrong | cc |
| 18 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 right | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 words | punct |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 words | nsubj |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 words | cop |
| 22 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 words | advmod |
| 23 | mere | mere | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 words | amod |
| 24 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 sense | appos |
| 25 | without | without | ADP | _ | 26 meaning | case |
| 26 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 words | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 impotent | punct |
| 28 | impotent | impotent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 stalk | nsubj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 hold | mark |
| 30 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 impotent | acl |
| 31 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 hold | obj |
| 32 | as | as | ADV | _ | 30 hold | advmod |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 stalk | cop |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 stalk | det |
| 35 | lotus | lotus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 stalk | compound |
| 36 | stalk | stalk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 meaning | nmod |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 fetter | mark |
| 38 | fetter | fetter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 stalk | acl |
| 39 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 elephant | det |
| 40 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 fetter | obj |
| 41 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 brought | nsubj |
| 42 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 elephant | acl:relcl |
| 43 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 42 brought | obj |
| 44 | hither | hither | ADV | _ | 42 brought | advmod |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 51 talk | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 talk | cc |
| 47 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 49 dost | mark |
| 48 | vain | vain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 dost | nsubj |
| 49 | dost | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 51 talk | advcl |
| 50 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 49 dost | obj |
| 51 | talk | talk | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | parataxis |
| 52 | to | to | ADP | _ | 53 me | case |
| 53 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 51 talk | obl |
| 54 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 55 letting | mark |
| 55 | letting | let | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 51 talk | advcl |
| 56 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 55 letting | obj |
| 57 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 55 letting | xcomp |
| 58 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 60 askest | punct |
| 59 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 60 askest | nsubj |
| 60 | askest | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | conj |
| 61 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 60 askest | obj |
| 62 | for | for | ADP | _ | 64 life | case |
| 63 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 life | nmod:poss |
| 64 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 askest | obl |
| 65 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 69 saw | punct |
| 66 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 69 saw | mark |
| 67 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 69 saw | mark |
| 68 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 69 saw | nsubj |
| 69 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | parataxis |
| 70 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 73 lakes | det |
| 71 | unfathomable | unfathomable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 lakes | amod |
| 72 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 lakes | amod |
| 73 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 69 saw | obj |
| 74 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 76 hast | obj |
| 75 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 76 hast | nsubj |
| 76 | hast | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 73 lakes | acl:relcl |
| 77 | stolen | steal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 73 lakes | acl |
| 78 | to | to | PART | _ | 79 make | mark |
| 79 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 77 stolen | advcl |
| 80 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 79 make | obj |
| 81 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 79 make | obj |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 85 lived | punct |
| 83 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 85 lived | nsubj |
| 84 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 85 lived | advmod |
| 85 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 69 saw | conj |
| 86 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the King | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | destroy | present · perfect · passive | Thy dark blue eyes | my sense of right obj; utterly property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | my sense of right | mere words | now | without meaning | tree rules | ||
| 4 | hold | to-infinitive | impotent not said here | me | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | impotent | a lotus stalk | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | fetter | to-infinitive | my sense of right not said here | that elephant | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elephant=Patient | ||||
| 7 | bring | past | that elephant | thee | hither property | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent thou=Theme | |||
| 8 | do | present | vain | thou | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Eventuality | ||||
| 9 | talk | infinitive | me | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to i=Co-Agent | |||||
| 10 | let | gerund | thee | tree rules | |||||
| 11 | go | infinitive | thee not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 12 | ask speech: ask | present | thou | me | for my life | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient | |||
| 13 | see | past | I | that unfathomable blue lakes | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lake=Stimulus | ||||
| 14 | have | present | thou | that unfathomable blue lakes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient | ||||
| 15 | steal | participle | that unfathomable blue lakes not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 16 | make | to-infinitive | thee | eyes obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset thou=Beneficiary eye=Product | ||||
| 17 | not live | past | I | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 18 | sense | my | nom sense «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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