Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 122
On the bank opposite to Insofan there are some very tall trees covered with creepers, in which many thousands of these bats sleep during the day.
Who acts: many thousands · What happens: cover, sleep · To what, where: tall trees, bank opposite
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many thousands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 opposite | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 opposite | det |
| 3 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 opposite | compound |
| 4 | opposite | opposite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 covered | obl |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Insofan | case |
| 6 | Insofan | Insofan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 opposite | nmod |
| 7 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 8 are | expl |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 Insofan | acl:relcl |
| 9 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 trees | det |
| 10 | very | very | ADV | _ | 11 tall | advmod |
| 11 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 trees | amod |
| 12 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 creepers | case |
| 15 | creepers | creeper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 covered | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 sleep | punct |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 which | case |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 sleep | obl |
| 19 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 thousands | amod |
| 20 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 sleep | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 bats | case |
| 22 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 23 bats | det |
| 23 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 thousands | nmod |
| 24 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 covered | conj |
| 25 | during | during | ADP | _ | 27 day | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 day | det |
| 27 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sleep | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 covered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | participle · passive | some tall trees | the bank opposite to Insofan | with creepers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with creeper=Theme | |||
| 2 | sleep | present | many thousands of this bats | day | which obl | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in which=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/122/