Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 124
Then when one man has found a thick cluster of bats, he fires into them, and with luck brings down a few.
Who acts: man · What happens: find, fire, bring down · To what, where: one man, few
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 found | advmod |
| 2 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 6 found | mark |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 man | nummod |
| 4 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 found | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 found | aux |
| 6 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 cluster | det |
| 8 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 cluster | amod |
| 9 | cluster | cluster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 found | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 bats | case |
| 11 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 cluster | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 fires | punct |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 fires | nsubj |
| 14 | fires | fire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 found | parataxis |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 them | case |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 fires | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 brings | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 brings | cc |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 luck | case |
| 20 | luck | luck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 brings | obl |
| 21 | brings | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 fires | conj |
| 22 | down | down | ADP | _ | 21 brings | compound:prt |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 few | det |
| 24 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 brings | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present · perfect · passive | one man | then | a thick cluster of bats obj | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme cluster=Attribute | |||
| 2 | fire | present | man | into bats = bat | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent into they=Destination | ||||
| 3 | bring down | present | man not said here | a few | with luck | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent few=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/124/