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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 57

After the usual salutations have been exchanged, he will make his complaint, which when translated by the interpreter will be something like the following: “My father and father (grandfather) catch one man goat and one woman goat.

Who acts: object, something, interpreter, father · What happens: exchange, make, translate, be, follow, catch · To what, where: usual salutations, complaint, something, one man goat · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (object, something, interpreter, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

markdetamodnsubj:passauxaux:passadvclpunctnsubjauxnmod:possobjpunctnsubj:passadvmodacl:relclcasedetnsubjauxcopobl:agentmarkdetaclpunctpunctnmod:possnsubjccconjpunctappospunctparataxisnummodcompoundobjccnummodcompoundconjpunctrootAfterSCONJtheDETusualADJsalutationsNOUNhaveAUXbeenAUXexchangedVERB,PUNCThePRONwillAUXmakeVERBhisPRONcomplaintNOUN,PUNCTwhichPRONwhenADVtranslatedVERBbyADPtheDETinterpreterNOUNwillAUXbeAUXsomethingPRONlikeSCONJtheDETfollowingVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTMyPRONfatherNOUNandCCONJfatherNOUN(PUNCTgrandfatherNOUN)PUNCTcatchVERBoneNUMmanNOUNgoatNOUNandCCONJoneNUMwomanNOUNgoatNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AfterafterSCONJ_7 exchangedmark
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 salutationsdet
3usualusualADJDegree=Pos4 salutationsamod
4salutationssalutationNOUNNumber=Plur7 exchangednsubj:pass
5havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin7 exchangedaux
6beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part7 exchangedaux:pass
7exchangedexchangeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass11 makeadvcl
8,,PUNCT_7 exchangedpunct
9hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs11 makensubj
10willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin11 makeaux
11makemakeVERBVerbForm=Infrootroot
12hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs13 complaintnmod:poss
13complaintcomplaintNOUNNumber=Sing11 makeobj
14,,PUNCT_17 translatedpunct
15whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel17 translatednsubj:pass
16whenwhenADVPronType=Int17 translatedadvmod
17translatedtranslateVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass13 complaintacl:relcl
18bybyADP_20 interpretercase
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 interpreterdet
20interpreterinterpreterNOUNNumber=Sing23 somethingnsubj
21willwillAUXVerbForm=Fin23 somethingaux
22bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf23 somethingcop
23somethingsomethingPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Ind17 translatedobl:agent
24likelikeSCONJ_26 followingmark
25thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art26 followingdet
26followingfollowVERBVerbForm=Ger23 somethingacl
27::PUNCT_30 fatherpunct
28“"PUNCT_30 fatherpunct
29MymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs30 fathernmod:poss
30fatherfatherNOUNNumber=Sing36 catchnsubj
31andandCCONJ_32 fathercc
32fatherfatherNOUNNumber=Sing30 fatherconj
33((PUNCT_34 grandfatherpunct
34grandfathergrandfatherNOUNNumber=Sing30 fatherappos
35))PUNCT_34 grandfatherpunct
36catchcatchVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin23 somethingparataxis
37oneoneNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card39 goatnummod
38manmanNOUNNumber=Sing39 goatcompound
39goatgoatNOUNNumber=Sing36 catchobj
40andandCCONJ_43 goatcc
41oneoneNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card42 womannummod
42womanwomanNOUNNumber=Sing43 goatcompound
43goatgoatNOUNNumber=Sing39 goatconj
44..PUNCT_11 makepunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1exchangepresent · perfect · passivethe usual salutationsvn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2makefutureobjectobject's complaintvn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent complaint=Product
3translateparticiple · passivesomethingobject's complaintvn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
4is afuturethe interpretersomethingtree rules
5followgerundvn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6catch in a quotepresentMy father and fatherone man goat and woman goatvn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goat=Theme
7complainobjectnom complaint «state intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/57/