Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 57
After the usual salutations have been exchanged, he will make his complaint, which when translated by the interpreter will be something like the following: “My father and father (grandfather) catch one man goat and one woman goat.
Who acts: object, something, interpreter, father · What happens: exchange, make, translate, be, follow, catch · To what, where: usual salutations, complaint, something, one man goat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (object, something, interpreter, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | SCONJ | _ | 7 exchanged | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 salutations | det |
| 3 | usual | usual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 salutations | amod |
| 4 | salutations | salutation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 exchanged | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 exchanged | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 exchanged | aux:pass |
| 7 | exchanged | exchange | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 make | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 exchanged | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 make | nsubj |
| 10 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 make | aux |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 complaint | nmod:poss |
| 13 | complaint | complaint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 make | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 translated | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 translated | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 translated | advmod |
| 17 | translated | translate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 complaint | acl:relcl |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 interpreter | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 interpreter | det |
| 20 | interpreter | interpreter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 something | nsubj |
| 21 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 something | aux |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 something | cop |
| 23 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 17 translated | obl:agent |
| 24 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 26 following | mark |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 following | det |
| 26 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 something | acl |
| 27 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 father | punct |
| 28 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 father | punct |
| 29 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 father | nmod:poss |
| 30 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 catch | nsubj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 father | cc |
| 32 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 father | conj |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 34 grandfather | punct |
| 34 | grandfather | grandfather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 father | appos |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 34 grandfather | punct |
| 36 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 something | parataxis |
| 37 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 goat | nummod |
| 38 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 goat | compound |
| 39 | goat | goat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 catch | obj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 goat | cc |
| 41 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 woman | nummod |
| 42 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 goat | compound |
| 43 | goat | goat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 goat | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 make | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exchange | present · perfect · passive | the usual salutations | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | make | future | object | object's complaint | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent complaint=Product | ||||
| 3 | translate | participle · passive | something | object's complaint | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is a | future | the interpreter | something | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | catch in a quote | present | My father and father | one man goat and woman goat | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goat=Theme | ||||
| 7 | complain | object | nom complaint «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/57/