Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 69
Anyone who takes the trouble to read these folk stories seriously will notice that a great deal has to be taken for granted or understood.
Who acts: Anyone, great deal · What happens: take, read, notice, have, grant, understand · To what, where: trouble, folk stories · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Anyone, great deal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 13 notice | nsubj |
| 2 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 takes | nsubj |
| 3 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Anyone | acl:relcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 trouble | det |
| 5 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 takes | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 read | mark |
| 7 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 takes | advcl |
| 8 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 10 stories | det |
| 9 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 stories | compound |
| 10 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 read | obj |
| 11 | seriously | seriously | ADV | _ | 7 read | advmod |
| 12 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 notice | aux |
| 13 | notice | notice | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 has | mark |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 deal | det |
| 16 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 deal | amod |
| 17 | deal | deal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 has | nsubj |
| 18 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 notice | ccomp |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 taken | mark |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 taken | aux:pass |
| 21 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 has | xcomp |
| 22 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 23 granted | mark |
| 23 | granted | grant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 taken | advcl |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 understood | cc |
| 25 | understood | understand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 granted | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 notice | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | present | the trouble | who nsubj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Theme | ||||
| 2 | read | to-infinitive | this folk stories | seriously property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic | ||||
| 3 | notice | future | Anyone | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | have | present | a great deal | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | take | to-infinitive · passive | a great deal not said here | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP» | |||||
| 6 | grant | participle | a great deal not said here | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | understand | participle | a great deal not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/69/