Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 78
They generally reply: “Black man ju-ju no be strong enough to hurt white man, but black man he go die one time.”
Who acts: goods, Black man, man · What happens: reply, ju, be, hurt, go, die · To what, where: white man, black man · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goods, Black man, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 reply | nsubj |
| 2 | generally | generally | ADV | _ | 3 reply | advmod |
| 3 | reply | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 ju | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 ju | punct |
| 6 | Black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 man | amod |
| 7 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ju | nsubj |
| 8 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ju | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 ju | punct |
| 10 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reply | obl |
| 11 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 strong | det |
| 12 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 strong | cop |
| 13 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ju | amod |
| 14 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 13 strong | advmod |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 hurt | mark |
| 16 | hurt | hurt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 strong | advcl |
| 17 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 man | amod |
| 18 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 hurt | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 go | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 go | cc |
| 21 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 man | amod |
| 22 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 go | obj |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 go | nsubj |
| 24 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin | 3 reply | conj |
| 25 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 go | xcomp |
| 26 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 27 time | nummod |
| 27 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 die | obl:unmarked |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reply | punct |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 reply | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reply speech: assert | present | goods | generally property | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | ju in a quote | Black man | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | is in a quote | infinitive | enough, strong property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | hurt in a quote | to-infinitive | white man | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Patient | |||||
| 5 | go in a quote | present | man | black man | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | die in a quote | infinitive | man not said here | time | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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