Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 85
An owl was disturbed from one of the trees which was covered with creepers, and flew out hooting.
What happens: disturb, cover, fly out, hoot · To what, where: owl, trees
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 owl | det |
| 2 | owl | owl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 disturbed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 disturbed | aux:pass |
| 4 | disturbed | disturb | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 one | case |
| 6 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 disturbed | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 trees | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 trees | det |
| 9 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 one | nmod |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 covered | aux:pass |
| 12 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 trees | acl:relcl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 creepers | case |
| 14 | creepers | creeper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 covered | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 flew | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 flew | cc |
| 17 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 disturbed | conj |
| 18 | out | out | ADP | _ | 17 flew | compound:prt |
| 19 | hooting | hoot | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 flew | xcomp |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 disturbed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | disturb | past · passive | a owl | from one of the trees | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | cover | past · passive | the trees | with creepers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with creeper=Theme | ||||
| 3 | fly out | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | hoot | gerund | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/85/