Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 16
Amongst the people who came to the fishing was the tortoise, who had made his shelter near the source of the stream.
Who acts: fishing, tortoise · What happens: come, be, make · To what, where: shelter, source
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fishing, tortoise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amongst | amongst | ADP | _ | 3 people | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 came | obl |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 came | nsubj |
| 5 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 tortoise | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 fishing | det |
| 8 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 tortoise | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 tortoise | cop |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 tortoise | det |
| 11 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 made | nsubj |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | aux |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 tortoise | acl:relcl |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 shelter | nmod:poss |
| 17 | shelter | shelter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obj |
| 18 | near | near | ADP | _ | 20 source | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 source | det |
| 20 | source | source | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 stream | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 stream | det |
| 23 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 source | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | amongst the people; who nsubj | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme amongst people=Location | |||||
| 2 | is | past | the fishing | to the tortoise | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | make | past · perfect | the tortoise | Chief's shelter | the source of the stream | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelter=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/16/