Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 27
But Achi said “I have nothing to give you.
Who acts: Achi · What happens: say, have, give · To what, where: nothing, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Achi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | Achi | Achi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 have | punct |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 have | nsubj |
| 6 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 7 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 6 have | obj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 give | mark |
| 9 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 nothing | acl |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 give | iobj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Achi | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | have in a quote | present | Achi | nothing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | ||||
| 3 | give in a quote | to-infinitive | Achi not said here | nothing not said here | you | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/27/