Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 32
Shortly after this the tortoise came down to see what was the matter, and he found the ju-ju man preparing to cut the baby’s head off, and Achi weeping and imploring him to spare her new-born baby.
Who acts: tortoise, matter, ju ju man · What happens: come down, see, find, prepare, cut off, implore · To what, where: ju ju man, head, man, born baby
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tortoise, matter, ju ju man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 6 came | advmod |
| 2 | after | after | ADP | _ | 3 this | case |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 1 Shortly | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 tortoise | det |
| 5 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 came | nsubj |
| 6 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | down | down | ADV | _ | 6 came | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 see | mark |
| 9 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 came | advcl |
| 10 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 9 see | obj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 what | acl:relcl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 matter | det |
| 13 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 was | nsubj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 found | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 found | cc |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 found | nsubj |
| 17 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 came | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 man | det |
| 19 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 man | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 ju | punct |
| 21 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 man | compound |
| 22 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 found | obj |
| 23 | preparing | prepare | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 man | acl |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 cut | mark |
| 25 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 preparing | xcomp |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 baby | det |
| 27 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 head | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 baby | case |
| 29 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cut | obj |
| 30 | off | off | ADP | _ | 25 cut | compound:prt |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 weeping | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 weeping | cc |
| 33 | Achi | Achi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 weeping | compound |
| 34 | weeping | weeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 found | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 imploring | cc |
| 36 | imploring | implore | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 weeping | conj |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 imploring | obj |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 spare | mark |
| 39 | spare | spare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 imploring | advcl |
| 40 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 baby | nmod:poss |
| 41 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 born | amod |
| 42 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 41 new | punct |
| 43 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 baby | amod |
| 44 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 spare | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come down | past | the tortoise | down, shortly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | the tortoise not said here | what obj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | find | past | matter | the ju ju man | Achi weeping obl | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Topic | |||
| 4 | prepare | gerund | the ju ju man not said here | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | cut off not said to happen | to-infinitive | the ju ju man not said here | the baby's head | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector head=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | implore | gerund | matter not said here | man | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | spare | to-infinitive | matter not said here | head's born baby | vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent baby=Asset | ||||
| 8 | bear | participle | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/32/