Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 41
The tortoise told Achi that, the next time the ju-ju man danced away, she was to pick up her baby and cover it with her cloth, and then run by the nearest path, which he pointed out to her, to a farm which was not far off, and where he thought her husband had gone to.
Who acts: tortoise, ju man, child, man, farm, husband · What happens: tell, dance away, be, cover, run, point out · To what, where: that, Achi, baby, nearest path, child · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tortoise, ju man, child, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 tortoise | det |
| 2 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Achi | Achi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 told | iobj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 told | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 danced | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 time | det |
| 8 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 time | amod |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 danced | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 man | det |
| 11 | ju | ju | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 ju | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 ju | punct |
| 13 | ju | ju | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 man | compound |
| 14 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 danced | nsubj |
| 15 | danced | dance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 told | conj |
| 16 | away | away | ADV | _ | 15 danced | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 pick | punct |
| 18 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 pick | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 pick | cop |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 pick | mark |
| 21 | pick | pick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 danced | parataxis |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 pick | compound:prt |
| 23 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 baby | nmod:poss |
| 24 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 pick | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 cover | cc |
| 26 | cover | cover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 pick | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 cover | obj |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 cloth | case |
| 29 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 cloth | nmod:poss |
| 30 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 cover | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 run | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 run | cc |
| 33 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 34 run | advmod |
| 34 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 cover | conj |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 path | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 path | det |
| 37 | nearest | near | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 38 path | amod |
| 38 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 run | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 pointed | punct |
| 40 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 pointed | obj |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 pointed | nsubj |
| 42 | pointed | point | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 path | acl:relcl |
| 43 | out | out | ADP | _ | 42 pointed | compound:prt |
| 44 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 her | case |
| 45 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 pointed | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 farm | punct |
| 47 | to | to | ADP | _ | 49 farm | case |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 farm | det |
| 49 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 run | obl |
| 50 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 54 off | nsubj |
| 51 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 off | cop |
| 52 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 54 off | advmod |
| 53 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 54 off | advmod |
| 54 | off | off | ADV | _ | 49 farm | acl:relcl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 gone | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 gone | cc |
| 57 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 59 thought | advmod |
| 58 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 thought | nsubj |
| 59 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 gone | advcl |
| 60 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 61 husband | nmod:poss |
| 61 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 gone | nsubj |
| 62 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 gone | aux |
| 63 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 34 run | advcl |
| 64 | to | to | PART | _ | 63 gone | xcomp |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the tortoise | that | Achi | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent achi=Recipient that=Topic | |||
| 2 | dance away | past | the ju man | time | away property | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | is | past | child | child's baby obj; pick property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | cover | infinitive | child not said here | baby | with child's cloth | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with cloth=Theme | |||
| 5 | run | infinitive | child not said here | then | by the nearest path; to a farm result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to farm=Result | |||
| 6 | point out | past | man | the nearest path | child | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Theme to she=Recipient | |||
| 7 | not is | past | a farm | far, off property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | think speech: other | past | man | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | go | past · perfect | child's husband | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/41/