Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 101
The rabbit then began burrowing, and the cock went into the bush and cut some strong tie-tie one end of which he made fast to a tree.
Who acts: rabbit, cock, some · What happens: begin, burrow, go, cut, end, make · To what, where: bush
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rabbit, cock, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rabbit | det |
| 2 | rabbit | rabbit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 began | nsubj |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 began | advmod |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | burrowing | burrow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 began | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 went | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 went | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 cock | det |
| 9 | cock | cock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 went | nsubj |
| 10 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 began | parataxis |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 bush | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 bush | det |
| 13 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 went | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 cut | cc |
| 15 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 went | conj |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 22 end | nsubj |
| 17 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 tie | amod |
| 18 | tie | tie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 tie | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 tie | punct |
| 20 | tie | tie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 some | nmod |
| 21 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 end | nummod |
| 22 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cut | ccomp |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 which | case |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 made | obl |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 made | nsubj |
| 26 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 end | acl:relcl |
| 27 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 made | advmod |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 tree | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 tree | det |
| 30 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 made | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the rabbit | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | burrow | gerund | the rabbit not said here | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | go | past | the cock | the bush | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into bush=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | cut | present | the cock not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | end | some strong tie tie | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | make | past | rabbit | of one end | to a tree; fast property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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