Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 23
He then called for his hunting knife which one of the slaves gave him, the other slave called Odo snatched a burning stick from the fire and ran off to call Okpa to come and help.
Who acts: Okhabi, one, other slave · What happens: call, give, snatch, burn, run off, come · To what, where: Okhabi, other slave, burning stick, fire, Okpa · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Okhabi, one, other slave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 called | advmod |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 knife | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 knife | nmod:poss |
| 6 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 knife | compound |
| 7 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 called | obl |
| 8 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 9 one | det |
| 9 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gave | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 slaves | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 slaves | det |
| 12 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 gave | nsubj |
| 13 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 called | parataxis |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 gave | iobj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 snatched | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 slave | det |
| 17 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 slave | amod |
| 18 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 snatched | nsubj |
| 19 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 slave | acl |
| 20 | Odo | Odo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 called | xcomp |
| 21 | snatched | snatch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 gave | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 stick | det |
| 23 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 stick | amod |
| 24 | stick | stick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 snatched | obj |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 fire | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 fire | det |
| 27 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 snatched | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 ran | cc |
| 29 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 snatched | conj |
| 30 | off | off | ADP | _ | 29 ran | compound:prt |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 call | mark |
| 32 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 ran | advcl |
| 33 | Okpa | Okpa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 call | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 come | mark |
| 35 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 call | advcl |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 help | cc |
| 37 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 come | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | past | Okhabi | then | for Okhabi's hunting knife | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for knife=Recipient | |||
| 2 | give | past | which one | Okhabi | the slaves nsubj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 3 | call | participle | the other slave not said here | Odo xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | snatch | past | the other slave | a burning stick | the fire | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent stick=Theme from fire=Source | |||
| 5 | burn | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | run off | past | the other slave not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | call | to-infinitive | the other slave not said here | Okpa | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent okpa=Recipient | ||||
| 8 | come | to-infinitive | the other slave not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | help | infinitive | the other slave not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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