Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 4
Ori Namfup was very frightened, and ran into the town and told the people that Ori had fallen from a tree, and was dead.
Who acts: Ori, people · What happens: be, run, tell, fall · To what, where: town, people, tree · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ori, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ori | Ori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 frightened | nsubj |
| 2 | Namfup | Namfup | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Ori | flat |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 frightened | cop |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 frightened | advmod |
| 5 | frightened | frightened | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 ran | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 ran | cc |
| 8 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 frightened | parataxis |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 town | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 town | det |
| 11 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ran | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 told | cc |
| 13 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 ran | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 people | det |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 told | iobj |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 fallen | nsubj |
| 17 | Ori | Ori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 fallen | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 fallen | aux |
| 19 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 people | acl:relcl |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 tree | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 tree | det |
| 22 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 fallen | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 dead | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 dead | cc |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 dead | cop |
| 26 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 frightened | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 frightened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Ori | frightened property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | run | past | into the town result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into town=Result | |||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | the people | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | fall | past · perfect | the people | a tree | Ori nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | is | past | Ori not said here | dead property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/4/