Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 43
Oghabi then told Okpa and his wife that they could eat the food which they had brought for them, and when they had finished they could drink the tombo in the big calabash.
Who acts: Oghabi, calabashes · What happens: tell, eat, bring, finish, drink · To what, where: Okpa, food, tombo, big calabash · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oghabi, calabashes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oghabi | Oghabi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 told | advmod |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Okpa | Okpa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 told | iobj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 wife | cc |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 wife | nmod:poss |
| 7 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Okpa | conj |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 eat | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 eat | nsubj |
| 10 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 eat | aux |
| 11 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 told | xcomp |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 food | det |
| 13 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 eat | obj |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 brought | aux |
| 17 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 food | acl:relcl |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 them | case |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 brought | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 finished | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 finished | cc |
| 22 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 finished | advmod |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 finished | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 finished | aux |
| 25 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 told | conj |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 drink | nsubj |
| 27 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 drink | aux |
| 28 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 finished | ccomp |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 tombo | det |
| 30 | tombo | tombo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 drink | obj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 calabash | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 calabash | det |
| 33 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 calabash | amod |
| 34 | calabash | calabash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 drink | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | Oghabi | Okpa and OKPA's wife | then | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent okpa=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | eat not said to happen | could | calabashes = calabash | the food | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient | ||||
| 3 | bring | past · perfect · passive | the food | for calabashes = calabash | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | finish | past · perfect | calabashes = calabash | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | drink | could | calabashes = calabash | the tombo | the big calabash | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tombo=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/43/