Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 49
But Oghabi never went back to Okpa’s house until the next morning, when he found they were all dead except Okpa’s youngest son who was crying.
Who acts: Oghabi, calabashes, youngest son · What happens: not go back, find, be, cry · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oghabi, calabashes, youngest son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 went | cc |
| 2 | Oghabi | Oghabi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 went | nsubj |
| 3 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 4 went | advmod |
| 4 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | back | back | ADV | _ | 4 went | advmod |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 house | case |
| 7 | Okpa | Okpa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 house | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 7 Okpa | case |
| 9 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 went | obl |
| 10 | until | until | ADP | _ | 13 morning | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 morning | det |
| 12 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 morning | amod |
| 13 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 went | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 found | punct |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 found | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 found | nsubj |
| 17 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 dead | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 dead | cop |
| 20 | all | all | ADV | _ | 21 dead | advmod |
| 21 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 found | ccomp |
| 22 | except | except | ADP | _ | 26 son | case |
| 23 | Okpa | Okpa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 son | nmod:poss |
| 24 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 23 Okpa | case |
| 25 | youngest | young | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 26 son | amod |
| 26 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 dead | obl |
| 27 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 crying | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 crying | aux |
| 29 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 son | acl:relcl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not go back | past | Oghabi | morning | to Okpa's house result | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to house=Result | |||
| 2 | find | past | OGHABI | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | calabashes = calabash | except Okpa's youngest son; all, dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | cry speech: express | past · progressive | Okpa's youngest son | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/49/