Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 53
He also told the chief that Oghabi and his wife had not eaten any of the food, and that when he saw his friend and all his family were dead that he had not cried.
Who acts: OGHABI, family · What happens: tell, not eat, see, be, not cry · To what, where: chief, Oghabi, friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (OGHABI, family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 told | nsubj |
| 2 | also | also | ADV | _ | 3 told | advmod |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 chief | det |
| 5 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 told | obj |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 eaten | mark |
| 7 | Oghabi | Oghabi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 eaten | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 wife | cc |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 wife | nmod:poss |
| 10 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Oghabi | conj |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 eaten | aux |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 eaten | advmod |
| 13 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 told | ccomp |
| 14 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 13 eaten | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 food | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 food | det |
| 17 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 any | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 saw | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 saw | cc |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 saw | mark |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 saw | advmod |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 saw | nsubj |
| 23 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 told | parataxis |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 friend | nmod:poss |
| 25 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 saw | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 dead | cc |
| 27 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 family | det:predet |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 family | nmod:poss |
| 29 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 dead | nsubj |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 dead | cop |
| 31 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 saw | conj |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 cried | mark |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 cried | nsubj |
| 34 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 cried | aux |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 cried | advmod |
| 36 | cried | cry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 dead | advcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | OGHABI | the chief | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent chief=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | not eat | past · perfect · passive | Oghabi and OGHABI's wife | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | see | past | OGHABI | OGHABI's friend | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer friend=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is | past | OGHABI's family | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not cry speech: express | past · perfect | OGHABI | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/53/