Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 56
He therefore took him to his ju-ju and made him swear that he had not killed Okpa, and that if he had the ju-ju should kill him.
Who acts: OGHABI, ju ju · What happens: take, make, swear, not kill, have, kill · To what, where: medicine, ju ju, OGHABI
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (OGHABI, ju ju), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 took | nsubj |
| 2 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 3 took | advmod |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 took | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 ju | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 ju | nmod:poss |
| 7 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ju | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 ju | punct |
| 9 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 made | cc |
| 11 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 12 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 made | obj |
| 13 | swear | swear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 made | xcomp |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 killed | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 killed | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 killed | advmod |
| 18 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 swear | ccomp |
| 19 | Okpa | Okpa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 killed | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 had | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 had | cc |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 had | mark |
| 23 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 25 had | mark |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 had | nsubj |
| 25 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ju | det |
| 27 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 ju | compound |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 ju | punct |
| 29 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 kill | nsubj |
| 30 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 kill | aux |
| 31 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 had | parataxis |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 kill | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | OGHABI | medicine | OGHABI's ju ju | therefore property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to ju=Destination | ||
| 2 | make | past | OGHABI not said here | OGHABI | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | swear | infinitive | OGHABI not said here | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | not kill | past · perfect · passive | OGHABI | Okpa obj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer okpa=Result | ||||
| 5 | have a condition, not said to happen | past | OGHABI | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | kill | should | the ju ju | OGHABI | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/56/