Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 58

The chief then sent word all round the towns that as Okpa and his family had been poisoned, for the future whenever anyone gave another person tombo, foo-foo, palm oil chop, or anything else to eat or drink, they must first partake of it themselves, to show that it was not poisoned.

Who acts: chief, anyone, chop · What happens: send, poison, give, eat, drink, partake · To what, where: word, towns, person tombo, chop, tombo · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, anyone, chop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 chief	det
2	chief	chief	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sent	nsubj
3	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 sent	advmod
4	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sent	obj
6	all	all	ADV	_	9 towns	advmod
7	round	round	ADP	_	9 towns	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 towns	det
9	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sent	obl
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 poisoned	obj
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 Okpa	case
12	Okpa	Okpa	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 poisoned	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 family	cc
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 family	nmod:poss
15	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 Okpa	conj
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 poisoned	aux
17	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 poisoned	aux:pass
18	poisoned	poison	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 towns	acl:relcl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 future	punct
20	for	for	ADP	_	22 future	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 future	det
22	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 poisoned	obl
23	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	25 gave	advmod
24	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	25 gave	nsubj
25	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 poisoned	advcl
26	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	28 tombo	det
27	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 tombo	compound
28	tombo	tombo	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 gave	obj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 foo	punct
30	foo	foo	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 foo	compound
31	-	-	PUNCT	_	30 foo	punct
32	foo	foo	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 tombo	conj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 chop	punct
34	palm	palm	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 chop	compound
35	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 chop	compound
36	chop	chop	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 tombo	conj
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 anything	punct
38	or	or	CCONJ	_	39 anything	cc
39	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	25 gave	obj
40	else	else	ADV	_	39 anything	advmod
41	to	to	PART	_	42 eat	mark
42	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	39 anything	acl
43	or	or	CCONJ	_	44 drink	cc
44	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	42 eat	conj
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 partake	punct
46	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	49 partake	nsubj
47	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	49 partake	aux
48	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	49 partake	advmod
49	partake	partake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 sent	parataxis
50	of	of	ADP	_	51 it	case
51	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	49 partake	obl
52	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	49 partake	obl:unmarked
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	55 show	punct
54	to	to	PART	_	55 show	mark
55	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	49 partake	conj
56	that	that	SCONJ	_	60 poisoned	mark
57	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	60 poisoned	nsubj:pass
58	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	60 poisoned	aux:pass
59	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	60 poisoned	advmod
60	poisoned	poison	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	55 show	ccomp
61	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sent	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	send	past	the chief	word	then	round the towns	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
2	poison	past · perfect · passive		the towns		as Okpa and OKPA's family; for the future	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: that=Patient
3	give	past	anyone	another person tombo and foo foo and palm oil chop		anything obj; whenever property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent tombo=Recipient anything=Theme
4	eat	to-infinitive	anyone not said here				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	drink	infinitive	anyone not said here				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	partake	must	chop	chop		of foo; first property	tree rules
7	show	to-infinitive	chop not said here				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
8	not poison	past · passive		tombo			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/58/

🌲 Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 58

The tree

Pragmatics

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 58