Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 62
In connection with the above it may be of interest to note the formalities which are invariably observed whenever tombo is brought for people to drink, even when there are only a few present.
Who acts: the, people · What happens: be, note, observe, bring, drink · To what, where: formalities, tombo, few present, connection
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (the, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 connection | case |
| 2 | connection | connection | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 interest | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 interest | nsubj |
| 5 | above | above | ADP | _ | 6 it | case |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 the | nmod |
| 7 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 interest | aux |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 interest | cop |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 interest | case |
| 10 | interest | interest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 connection | nmod |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 note | mark |
| 12 | note | note | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 interest | acl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 formalities | det |
| 14 | formalities | formality | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 note | obj |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 observed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 observed | aux:pass |
| 17 | invariably | invariably | ADV | _ | 18 observed | advmod |
| 18 | observed | observe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 formalities | acl:relcl |
| 19 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 22 brought | advmod |
| 20 | tombo | tombo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 brought | aux:pass |
| 22 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 observed | conj |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 people | case |
| 24 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 brought | obl:agent |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 drink | mark |
| 26 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 brought | advcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 present | punct |
| 28 | even | even | ADV | _ | 35 present | advmod |
| 29 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 31 are | mark |
| 30 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 31 are | expl |
| 31 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 present | cop |
| 32 | only | only | ADV | _ | 35 present | advmod |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 present | det |
| 34 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 present | amod |
| 35 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 formalities | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 connection | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | may | the above connection | with interest | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | note | to-infinitive | the formalities and a few present | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent formality=Topic | |||||
| 3 | observe | present · passive | the formalities and a few present | invariably property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 4 | bring | present · passive | people | tombo | whenever property | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 5 | drink | to-infinitive | people not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is a | present | a few present | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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