Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 69
On all other occasions things are given and taken with the right hand as the left hand is looked upon as “unclean” for certain reasons, and it is considered in consequence an insult to offer or take anything with the left hand.
What happens: give, take, look, consider, offer · To what, where: things, other occasions, left hand, reason, consequence, anything
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 occasions | case |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 occasions | det |
| 3 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 occasions | amod |
| 4 | occasions | occasion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 given | obl |
| 5 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 given | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 given | aux:pass |
| 7 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 taken | cc |
| 9 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 given | conj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 hand | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 hand | det |
| 12 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 hand | amod |
| 13 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 taken | obl |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 looked | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 hand | det |
| 16 | left | left | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 hand | amod |
| 17 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 looked | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 looked | aux:pass |
| 19 | looked | look | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 taken | conj |
| 20 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 23 unclean | mark |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 23 unclean | mark |
| 22 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 unclean | punct |
| 23 | unclean | unclean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 looked | xcomp |
| 24 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 unclean | punct |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 reasons | case |
| 26 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 reasons | amod |
| 27 | reasons | reason | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 unclean | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 considered | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 considered | cc |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 considered | aux:pass |
| 32 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 given | conj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 consequence | case |
| 34 | consequence | consequence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 considered | obl |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 insult | det |
| 36 | insult | insult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 considered | xcomp |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 offer | mark |
| 38 | offer | offer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 considered | advcl |
| 39 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 40 take | cc |
| 40 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 offer | conj |
| 41 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 40 take | obj |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 hand | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 hand | det |
| 44 | left | left | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 hand | amod |
| 45 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 take | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | things | all other occasions | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: subject=Theme on occasion=Asset | ||||
| 2 | take | participle | with the right hand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | look | present · passive | the left hand | unclean property | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | consider | present · passive | reason | consequence | a insult xcomp | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute | |||
| 5 | offer | to-infinitive | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | take | infinitive | anything | with the left hand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/69/