Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 82
But Eba said he was not afraid, and as his father did not like to refuse his favourite son anything he allowed him to go, and told his people to sit down and wait until Eba came back.
Who acts: Eba, father · What happens: say, not be, not like, refuse, allow, go · To what, where: anything, Eba, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eba, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | Eba | Eba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 afraid | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 afraid | cop |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 afraid | advmod |
| 7 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 said | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 like | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 like | cc |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 15 like | mark |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 father | nmod:poss |
| 12 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 like | nsubj |
| 13 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 like | aux |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 like | advmod |
| 15 | like | like | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 afraid | ccomp |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 refuse | mark |
| 17 | refuse | refuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 like | xcomp |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 anything | nmod:poss |
| 19 | favourite | favourite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 anything | amod |
| 20 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 anything | compound |
| 21 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 17 refuse | obj |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 allowed | nsubj |
| 23 | allowed | allow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 anything | acl:relcl |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 allowed | iobj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 go | mark |
| 26 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 allowed | xcomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 told | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 told | cc |
| 29 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 people | nmod:poss |
| 31 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 told | iobj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 sit | mark |
| 33 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 told | xcomp |
| 34 | down | down | ADP | _ | 33 sit | compound:prt |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 wait | cc |
| 36 | wait | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 sit | conj |
| 37 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 39 came | mark |
| 38 | Eba | Eba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 came | nsubj |
| 39 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 wait | advcl |
| 40 | back | back | ADV | _ | 39 came | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Eba | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | not is | past | Eba | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not like | past · do-support | Eba's father | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | refuse not said to happen | to-infinitive | Eba's father not said here | anything | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme | ||||
| 5 | allow | past | father | Eba | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer he=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | go not said to happen | to-infinitive | father not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | tell speech: assert | past | Eba not said here | Eba's people | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent people=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 8 | sit down not said to happen | to-infinitive | Eba not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | wait | infinitive | Eba not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 10 | come back | past | Eba | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/82/