Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 90
As nothing was heard from the last lot, the chief armed himself and his sons, and told his wives that he was going himself to look for Eba and the slaves who were lost.
Who acts: chief, message · What happens: hear, arm, tell, go, look, lose · To what, where: last lot, message, wives, slaves · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, message), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | ADP | _ | 2 nothing | case |
| 2 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 4 heard | obl |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | aux:pass |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 lot | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 lot | det |
| 7 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 lot | amod |
| 8 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 armed | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 chief | det |
| 11 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 armed | nsubj |
| 12 | armed | arm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | parataxis |
| 13 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 12 armed | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 sons | cc |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 sons | nmod:poss |
| 16 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 himself | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 told | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 told | cc |
| 19 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 armed | conj |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 wives | nmod:poss |
| 21 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 told | iobj |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 going | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 going | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 going | aux |
| 25 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 told | ccomp |
| 26 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 25 going | obj |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 look | mark |
| 28 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 going | xcomp |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 Eba | case |
| 30 | Eba | Eba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 look | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 slaves | cc |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 slaves | det |
| 33 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 Eba | conj |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 lost | nsubj |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 lost | aux:pass |
| 36 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 slaves | acl:relcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past · passive | the last lot | as nothing | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: from lot=Source | ||||
| 2 | arm | past | the chief | message | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent himself=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | the chief not said here | message's wives | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent wife=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | go | past · progressive | message | message | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | look | to-infinitive | message not said here | for Eba and the slaves | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for eba=Theme | ||||
| 6 | lose | past · passive | the slaves | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/90/