Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 98
The cock was very frightened, and flew down from the top of his tree and ran off as fast as he could to his friend the rabbit, and told him what had happened to his master and all his household, including the animals and hens.
Who acts: cock · What happens: be, fly down, run off, tell, happen · To what, where: top, COCK · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cock | det |
| 2 | cock | cock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 frightened | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 frightened | cop |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 frightened | advmod |
| 5 | frightened | frightened | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 flew | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 flew | cc |
| 8 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 frightened | parataxis |
| 9 | down | down | ADV | _ | 8 flew | advmod |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 top | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 top | det |
| 12 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 flew | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 tree | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 tree | nmod:poss |
| 15 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 top | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 ran | cc |
| 17 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 flew | conj |
| 18 | off | off | ADP | _ | 17 ran | compound:prt |
| 19 | as | as | ADV | _ | 20 fast | advmod |
| 20 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 ran | advmod |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 23 could | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 could | nsubj |
| 23 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 fast | advcl |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 friend | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 friend | nmod:poss |
| 26 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 could | obl |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 rabbit | det |
| 28 | rabbit | rabbit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 could | nsubj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 told | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 told | cc |
| 31 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 frightened | parataxis |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 told | iobj |
| 33 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 35 happened | nsubj |
| 34 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 happened | aux |
| 35 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 told | ccomp |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 master | case |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 master | nmod:poss |
| 38 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 happened | obl |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 all | cc |
| 40 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 42 household | det:predet |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 household | nmod:poss |
| 42 | household | household | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 happened | obl:agent |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 animals | punct |
| 44 | including | including | ADP | _ | 46 animals | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 animals | det |
| 46 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 happened | conj |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 hens | cc |
| 48 | hens | hen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 animals | conj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 frightened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the cock | frightened property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fly down | past | the top of COCK's tree | down property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from top=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | run off | past | fast property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | past | COCK | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | happen | past · perfect | to COCK's master; what nsubj; COCK's household obl:agent; the animals and hens conj | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/98/