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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head., sentence 10

But the crab begged the elephant so hard to forgive him, and offered to give up the animals he had killed, that at last the elephant trumpeted: “Go!” in a very loud voice, and the crab went, leaving the ten animals behind him.

Who acts: crab, animals, elephant · What happens: beg, forgive, offer, give up, kill, trumpet · To what, where: that, elephant, last, crab, animals, loud voice · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crab, animals, elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

ccdetnsubjdetobjadvmodadvmodmarkadvclobjpunctccconjmarkxcompcompound:prtdetobjnsubj:passauxacl:relclpunctoblcaseobldetnsubjparataxispunctpunctccomppunctpunctcasedetadvmodamodoblpunctccdetnsubjconjpunctadvcldetnummodobjcaseoblpunctrootButCCONJtheDETcrabNOUNbeggedVERBtheDETelephantNOUNsoADVhardADVtoPARTforgiveVERBhimPRON,PUNCTandCCONJofferedVERBtoPARTgiveVERBupADPtheDETanimalsNOUNhePRONhadAUXkilledVERB,PUNCTthatPRONatADPlastADJtheDETelephantNOUNtrumpetedVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTGoVERB!PUNCT”PUNCTinADPaDETveryADVloudADJvoiceNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETcrabNOUNwentVERB,PUNCTleavingVERBtheDETtenNUManimalsNOUNbehindADPhimPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ButbutCCONJ_4 beggedcc
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 crabdet
3crabcrabNOUNNumber=Sing4 beggednsubj
4beggedbegVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
5thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 elephantdet
6elephantelephantNOUNNumber=Sing4 beggedobj
7sosoADV_8 hardadvmod
8hardhardADVDegree=Pos4 beggedadvmod
9totoPART_10 forgivemark
10forgiveforgiveVERBVerbForm=Inf8 hardadvcl
11himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs10 forgiveobj
12,,PUNCT_14 offeredpunct
13andandCCONJ_14 offeredcc
14offeredofferVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass4 beggedconj
15totoPART_16 givemark
16givegiveVERBVerbForm=Inf14 offeredxcomp
17upupADP_16 givecompound:prt
18thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art19 animalsdet
19animalsanimalNOUNNumber=Plur16 giveobj
20hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs22 killednsubj:pass
21hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin22 killedaux
22killedkillVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass19 animalsacl:relcl
23,,PUNCT_24 thatpunct
24thatthatPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem4 beggedobl
25atatADP_26 lastcase
26lastlastADJDegree=Pos4 beggedobl
27thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art28 elephantdet
28elephantelephantNOUNNumber=Sing29 trumpetednsubj
29trumpetedtrumpetVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 beggedparataxis
30::PUNCT_32 Gopunct
31“"PUNCT_32 Gopunct
32GogoVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Fin29 trumpetedccomp
33!!PUNCT_32 Gopunct
34”"PUNCT_32 Gopunct
35ininADP_39 voicecase
36aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art39 voicedet
37veryveryADV_38 loudadvmod
38loudloudADJDegree=Pos39 voiceamod
39voicevoiceNOUNNumber=Sing32 Goobl
40,,PUNCT_44 wentpunct
41andandCCONJ_44 wentcc
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art43 crabdet
43crabcrabNOUNNumber=Sing44 wentnsubj
44wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 beggedconj
45,,PUNCT_46 leavingpunct
46leavingleaveVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part44 wentadvcl
47thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art49 animalsdet
48tentenNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card49 animalsnummod
49animalsanimalNOUNNumber=Plur46 leavingobj
50behindbehindADP_51 himcase
51himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs46 leavingobl
52..PUNCT_4 beggedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1beg speech: requestpastthe crabthatthe elephantlasthard propertyvn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent elephant=Recipient
2forgiveto-infinitivethe crab not said herecrabvn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
3offerparticiplethe crab not said heretree rules
4give up not said to happento-infinitivethe crab not said herethe animalsvn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Source
5killpast · perfect · passivethe animals not said herecrabvn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
6trumpetpastthe elephantvn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
7go in a quoteinfinitivethe elephant not said herea loud voicevn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in voice=Location
8gopastthe crabvn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9leavegerundthe crab not said herethe ten animalsbehind crabvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent animal=Theme behind he=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/13/10/